Tag Archives: Neuronal Network

Brain-to-brain interfaces: A first step into an organic computer?

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Neuroscientists at Duke University Medical Center recently make a lot of news describing brain-to-computer interfaces and thought-controlled robotics.

Few months ago, we saw quadriplegic patients using brain implants to control robot limbs. More recently, the researchers in the group of Miguel Nicolelis went a step further showing that rats were able to communicate through brain chips and collaborate on performing a task.
Who doesn’t immediately think of mind reading and mind control? Continue reading “Brain-to-brain interfaces: A first step into an organic computer?” »

Barcoding and Sequencing the Connectome – New Ways in Neuroscience

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With exponential innovative growth of computer and software tools during the last decade, genetic sequencing costs continuously drop and drive a new thinking in medical research.
One example is understanding the connectivity of neurons in the mammalian brain which is central part of neuroanatomical studies. Connectome projects, which focus on finding innovative ways to understand neural connections in the brain, add fundamental understanding the functionality of the brain and the development of diseases such as autism, schizophrenia or ADHD. Continue reading “Barcoding and Sequencing the Connectome – New Ways in Neuroscience” »

Virtual Humans – Be Interactive with your App

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There is continuous growth in computational speed and power, software apps controlling methods and intelligent algorithms allowing the creation of 3D virtual humans for interactive applications of machine and human.
Such computer characters, called Virtual Humans, are more than just fantasy figures such as the ‘Star Trek holodeck characters’ or the librarian in the movie ‘Time Machine’ but they are becoming real-life applications using artificial intelligence (AI) and computer graphics technology. Continue reading “Virtual Humans – Be Interactive with your App” »

Neural Networks IV – Medical Innovation of Tomorrow

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Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are one of the “hot” topics in creating innovative medical diagnosis and treatment software for patient-centered medicine.
Neural networks are a class of pattern recognition methods to model the biological neuron to process non-linear or chaotic information where no algorithmic solution is possible or the solution is too complex for traditional techniques.

Recent ANN applications include the modeling of the human body recognizing patterns in scans such as MRI, CAT scans or X-rays but are also used for analyzing brain maturation, ultrasound pictures or cardiograms. They are applied to resolve different diagnostic problems such as detection and classification of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and the processing of EEG signals. Continue reading “Neural Networks IV – Medical Innovation of Tomorrow” »

Neuronal Networks in Business and Marketing

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Artificial neural networks (ANN) imitate the principles of the biological brain and are progressively more applied across research, medical, engineering, social science and other fields. They also deliver substantial benefits in business applications.

Today’s world is multifaceted and there are countless inter-related variables that make predicting business outcomes very difficult. ANNs are the modern computational tools to study data and develop models to identify patterns and structures in data that offer Continue reading “Neuronal Networks in Business and Marketing” »

Artificial Neural Networks – Learning Smart

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Both, the learning of human neurons and artificial neural networks (ANNs) occur in a training phase and an operation phase. Feed-forward ANNs are very steady and may range over multiple units without having any feedback connections present whereas recurrent ANNs, that do contain feedback connections and provide dynamic network components, that allow developing a dynamic behavior of output patterns of the neural network.
An ANN learns “off-line” if the learning and operation phases are separate and it learns “on-line” if learning and operating are performed at the same time Continue reading “Artificial Neural Networks – Learning Smart” »

Neural Networks I – Artificial Neural Networks

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Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are an attempt to simulate the human brain within a computer system.

Both, biological and artificial neuronal networks are built from atomic modules – the ‘neurons’. The human brain has up to 150 billion neurons with hundreds of different classified subtypes. Each neuron usually has one axon, which expands off from a part of the cell body to conduct electrical signals to other cells. Thousands of interconnected neurons build separate groups that are called networks.
Biological neurons can be classified into ‘sensory neurons’ that provide all information for perception and motor coordination, ‘motor neurons’ which transfer signals to muscles and glands and ‘inter-neuronal neurons’ that are needed to relay information, protect other neurons or connect different parts of the brain. These neurons have linear and non-linear relationships to obtain and transfer information as well as to build memory. Continue reading “Neural Networks I – Artificial Neural Networks” »